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Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000

Entry into force: Thursday, December 25, 2003

Adoption date: Nov 15, 2000

Adoption place: New York

Depositary: Secrétaire Général des Nations Unies

Signed by 117 countries, ratified by 169 countries

-> see the convention
Country Signature date Ratification date * Reservation / Declaration Comments
Afghanistan

-

Aug 14, 2014


Albania

Dec 12, 2000

Aug 21, 2002

-
Algeria

Jun 6, 2001

Mar 9, 2004

Reservations:

The Government of the Algerian People's Democratic Republic does not consider itself bound by the provisions of article 15, paragraph 2, of this Protocol, which provides that any dispute between two or more States concerning the interpretation or application of the said Protocol that cannot be settled through negotiation shall, at the request of one of those States, be submitted to arbitration or referred to the International Court of Justice.

The Government of the Algerian People's Democratic Republic believes that any dispute of this kind can only be submitted to arbitration or referred to the International Court of Justice with the consent of all parties to the dispute.

Declarations:

Ratification of this Protocol by the Algerian People's Democratic Republic in no way signifies recognition of Israel.

Such ratification cannot be construed as leading to the establishment of any kind of relations with Israel.

Angola

-

Sep 9, 2014


Antigua and Barbuda

-

Feb 17, 2010

-
Argentina

Dec 12, 2000

Nov 19, 2002

-
Armenia

Nov 15, 2001

Jul 1, 2003

-
Australia

Dec 11, 2002

Sep 14, 2005

Declaration made upon signature and confirmed upon ratification:

"The Government of Australia hereby declares that nothing in the Protocol shall be seen to be imposing obligations on Australia to admit or retain within its borders persons in respect of whom Australia would not otherwise have an obligation to admit or retain within its borders."

Austria

Dec 12, 2000

Sep 15, 2005

-
Azerbaijan

Dec 12, 2000

Oct 30, 2003

Declaration:

"The Republic of Azerbaijan declares that it is unable to guarantee the application of the provisions of the Protocol in the territories occupied by the Republic of Armenia until these territories are liberated from that occupation."

Reservation:

"In accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 15 of the Protocol, the Republic of Azerbaijan declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of Article 15.

Bahamas

Apr 9, 2001

Sep 26, 2008

“In accordance with Article 15 paragraph 3, the Commonwealth of The Bahamas enters a specific reservation to the procedure established under Article 15 paragraph 2 of the Protocol on the
basis that referral of a dispute concerning the application or interpretation of the provisions of the
Protocol to arbitration or to the International Court of Justice must be by consent of all the parties to the
dispute.”

Bahrain

-

Jun 7, 2004

"... the Kingdom of Bahrain does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of article 15 of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children."

Barbados

Sep 26, 2001

Nov 11, 2014

-
Belarus

Dec 14, 2000

Jun 25, 2003

-
Belgium

Dec 12, 2000

Aug 11, 2004

Upon signature:

Declaration:

The French, Flemish and German-speaking Communities and the Regions of Wallonia, Flanders and Brussels-Capital are also bound by this signature.

Belize

-

Sep 26, 2003

-
Benin

Dec 13, 2000

Aug 30, 2004

-
Bolivia

Dec 12, 2000

May 18, 2006

Declaration:

The Republic of Bolivia declares that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of article 15, which deals with the settlement of disputes concerning this Protocol.

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Dec 12, 2000

Apr 24, 2002

-
Botswana

Apr 10, 2002

Aug 29, 2002

-
Brazil

Dec 12, 2000

Jan 29, 2004

-
Bulgaria

Dec 13, 2000

Dec 5, 2001

-
Burkina Faso

Dec 15, 2000

May 15, 2002

-
Burundi

Dec 14, 2000

May 24, 2012

-
Cabo Verde

Dec 13, 2000

Jul 15, 2004

-
Cambodia

Nov 11, 2001

Jul 2, 2007

-
Cameroon

Dec 13, 2000

Feb 6, 2006

-
Canada

Dec 14, 2000

May 13, 2002

-
Central African Republic

-

Oct 6, 2006

-
Chad

-

Aug 18, 2009

-
Chile

Aug 8, 2002

Nov 29, 2004

-
China

-

Feb 8, 2010

Reservation:

The People’s Republic of China shall not be bound by paragraph 2 of Article 15 of the Protocol.

Declaration:

Unless otherwise notified by the Government, the Protocol shall not apply to the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People’s Republic of China.

Colombia

Dec 12, 2000

Aug 4, 2004

Reservation:

In accordance with article 15, paragraph 3, of the Protocol, Colombia declares that it does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of that article.

Congo

Dec 14, 2000

-

-
Costa Rica

Mar 16, 2001

Sep 9, 2003

-
Croatia

Dec 12, 2000

Jan 24, 2003

-
Cuba

-

Jun 20, 2013

Declaration upon ratification:

"The Republic of Cuba declares that, in accordance with the provisions of Article 15, paragraph
3 of the Protocol, it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of paragraph 2 of that Article."

Cyprus

Dec 12, 2000

Aug 6, 2003

-
Czech Republic

Dec 10, 2002

Dec 17, 2014

-
Democratic Republic of the Congo

-

Oct 28, 2005

-
Denmark

Dec 12, 2000

Sep 30, 2003

-
Djibouti

-

Apr 20, 2005

-
Dominica

-

May 17, 2013

-
Dominican Republic

Dec 15, 2000

Feb 5, 2008

-
Ecuador

Dec 13, 2000

Sep 17, 2002

Exercising the powers referred to in article 15, paragraph 3, of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, the Government of Ecuador makes a reservation with regard to article 15, paragraph 2, relating to the settlement of disputes.

Egypt

May 1, 2002

Mar 5, 2004

-
El Salvador

Aug 15, 2002

Mar 18, 2004

Upon signature:

Reservation:

The Government of the Republic of El Salvador does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of article 15, inasmuch as it does not recognize the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice.

Upon ratification:

Reservation:

With respect to the provisions of article 15, paragraph 3, the Government of the Republic of El Salvador declares that it does not consider itself bound by article 15, paragraph 2, inasmuch as it does not recognize the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice.

Equatorial Guinea

Dec 14, 2000

Feb 7, 2003

-
Eritrea

-

Sep 25, 2014


Estonia

Sep 20, 2002

May 12, 2004

-
Ethiopia

-

Jun 22, 2012

Ethiopia does not accept the jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice which is provided under Article 15(2) of the said Protocol.

European Union

Dec 12, 2000

Sep 6, 2006

Declaration:

"Article 16 (3) of the Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, provides that the instrument of ratification, acceptance or approval of a regional economic integration organisation shall contain a declaration specifying the matters governed by the Protocol in respect of which competence has been transferred to the organisation by its Member States which are Parties to the Protocol.

The Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially women and children, shall apply, with regard to the competences transferred to the European Community, to the territories in which the Treaty establishing the European Community is applied and under the conditions laid down in that Treaty, in particular Article 299 thereof and the Protocols annexed to it.

This declaration is without prejudice to the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland under the Protocol integrating the Schengen acquis into the framework of the European Union and under the Protocol on the position of the United Kingdom and Ireland, annexed to the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community.

This declaration is equally without prejudice to the position of Denmark under the Protocol on the position of Denmark annexed to the Treaty on European Union and the Treaty establishing the European Community.

Pursuant to Article 299, this declaration is also not applicable to the territories of the Member States in which the said Treaty does not apply and is without prejudice to such acts or positions as may be adopted under the Protocol by the Member States concerned on behalf of and in the interests of those territories. In accordance with the provision referred to above, this declaration indicates the competence that the Member States have transferred to the Community under the Treaties in matters governed by the Protocol. The scope and the exercise of such Community competence are, by their nature, subject to continuous development as the Community further adopts relevant rules and regulations, and the Community will complete or amend this declaration, if necessary, in accordance with Article 16 (3) of the Protocol.

The Community points out that it has competence with regard to the crossing of external borders of the Member States, regulating standards and procedures when carrying out checks on persons at such borders and rules on visas for intended stays of no more than three months.

The Community is also competent for measures on immigration policy regarding conditions of entry and residence and measures to counter illegal immigration and illegal residence, including repatriation of illegal residents. Moreover, it can take measures to ensure cooperation between the relevant departments of the administrations of the Member States, as well as between those departments and the Commission, in the aforementioned areas. In these fields the Community has adopted rules and regulations and, where it has done so, it is hence solely for the Community to enter into external undertakings with third States or competent international organisations.

In addition, Community policy in the sphere of development cooperation complements policies pursued by Member States and includes provisions to prevent and combat trafficking in persons."

Finland

Dec 12, 2000

Sep 7, 2006

-
France

Dec 12, 2000

Oct 29, 2002

-
Gabon

-

Sep 22, 2010

-
Gambia

Dec 14, 2000

May 5, 2003

-
Georgia

Dec 13, 2000

Sep 5, 2006

-
Germany

Dec 12, 2000

Jun 14, 2006

-
Ghana

-

Aug 21, 2012

-
Greece

Dec 13, 2000

Jan 11, 2011

Reservation:

“The Greek State ratifies Article 13 of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, ... without prejudice to Articles 9A of the Constitution, 19(3) of the Constitution, 8(1) of the European Convention on Human Rights, 436-457 of the Code of Criminal Procedure and 352B of the Criminal Code, as added by Article Second (12) of Law 3625/2007 (Government Gazette 290A), Law 2472/1997, as amended by Articles 8 of Law 2819/2000 (Government Gazette 84A), 10 of Law 3090/2002 (Government Gazette 329A) and Eighth of Law 3625/2007, Law 3471/2006 (Government Gazette 133A) and Presidential Decree 47/2005 (Government Gazette 64A).”

Grenada

-

May 21, 2004

-
Guatemala

-

Apr 1, 2004

-
Guinea

-

Nov 9, 2004

-
Guinea-Bissau

Dec 14, 2000

Sep 10, 2007

-
Guyana

-

Sep 14, 2004

-
Haiti

Dec 13, 2000

Apr 19, 2011

-
Honduras

-

Apr 1, 2008

-
Hungary

Dec 14, 2000

Dec 22, 2006

-
Iceland

Dec 13, 2000

Jun 22, 2010

-
India

Dec 12, 2002

May 5, 2011

-
Indonesia

Dec 12, 2000

Sep 28, 2009

Declaration:

"..., the Government of the Republic of Indonesia declares that the provisions of Article 5 paragraph (2) Sub-paragraph c of the Protocol will have to be implemented in strict compliance with the principle of the sovereignty and territorial integrity of a state;"

Reservation:

"..., the Government of the Republic of Indonesia conveys her reservation not to be bound by the provision of Article 15 (2) and takes the position that dispute[s] relating to the interpretation and application on the Protocol which have not been settled through the channel provided for in Paragraph (1) of the said Article, may be referred to the International Court of Justice only with the concern of all Parties to the dispute;"

Iraq

-

Feb 9, 2009

-
Ireland

Dec 13, 2000

Jun 17, 2010

-
Israel

Nov 14, 2001

Jul 23, 2008

Objections

With regard to the declaration made by Algeria upon ratification:

“The Government of the State of Israel has noted that the instrument of ratification of the Algerian People’s Democratic Republic of the abovementioned Protocol which appears in the Depositary Notification Ref. C.N.225.2004.TREATIES-3 of 12 March 2004, contains a declaration with respect to the State of Israel.

The Government of the State of Israel considers that such declaration, which is explicitly of a political nature, is incompatible with the purposes and objectives of the Protocol.

The Government of the State of Israel therefore objects to the aforesaid declaration made by the Algerian People’s Democratic Republic.”

Italy

Dec 12, 2000

Aug 2, 2006

-
Ivory Coast

-

Oct 25, 2012

-
Jamaica

Feb 13, 2002

Sep 29, 2003

-
Japan

Dec 9, 2002

-

-
Jordan

-

Jun 11, 2009

-
Kazakhstan

-

Jul 31, 2008

-
Kenya

-

Jan 5, 2005

-
Kiribati

-

Sep 15, 2005

-
Kuwait

-

May 12, 2006

-
Kyrgyzstan

Dec 13, 2000

Oct 2, 2003

-
Lao People's Democratic Republic

-

Sep 26, 2003

"In accordance with paragraph 3, Article 15 of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, Supplementing the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, the Lao People's Democratic Republic does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2, Article 15 of the present Protocol. The Lao People's Democratic Republic declares that to refer a dispute relating to interpretation and application of the present Protocol to arbitration or [the] International Court of Justice, the agreement of all parties concerned in the dispute is necessary."

Latvia

Dec 10, 2002

May 25, 2004

-
Lebanon

Dec 9, 2002

Oct 5, 2005

-
Lesotho

Dec 14, 2000

Sep 24, 2003

-
Liberia

-

Sep 22, 2004

-
Libya

Nov 13, 2001

Sep 24, 2004

-
Liechtenstein

Mar 14, 2001

Feb 20, 2008

-
Lithuania

Apr 25, 2002

Jun 23, 2003

"AND WHEREAS, it is provided in paragraph 3 of Article 15 of the Protocol, the Seimas of the Republic of Lithuania would like to declare that the Republic of Lithuania does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of Article 15, which provides that any State Party may refer any dispute concerning the interpretation or application of the said Protocol to the International Court of Justice."

Luxembourg

Dec 13, 2000

Apr 20, 2009

-
Madagascar

Dec 14, 2000

Sep 15, 2005

-
Malawi

-

Mar 17, 2005

Declarations:

"The Government of the Republic of Malawi in its efforts to curb and stamp out offences related to trafficking in persons especially women and children has embarked upon various social and legal reforms to incorporate obligations emanating from this Protocol (Article 16 (4)).

Further, declares expressly its acceptance of Article 15 (2) on settlement of disputes concerning interpretation and application of this Protocol.

The Competent Authority charged with the responsibility of coordinating and rendering of mutual legal assistance is:

The Principal Secretary

Ministry of Home Affairs and Internal Security

Private Bag 331, Lilongwe 3. MALAWI

Fax: 265 1 789509 Tel: 265 1 789 177

The Official Language of communication is English."

Malaysia

-

Feb 26, 2009

Reservation

“1. (a) Pursuant to Article 15, paragraph 3 of the Protocol, the Government of Malaysia declares that it does not consider itself bound by Article 15, paragraph 2 of the Protocol ; and

(b) the Government of Malaysia reserves the right specifically to agree in a particular case to follow the arbitration procedure set forth in Article 15, paragraph 2 of the Protocol or any other procedure for arbitration.”

Mali

Dec 15, 2000

Apr 12, 2002

-
Malta

Dec 14, 2000

Sep 24, 2003

-
Mauritania

-

Jul 22, 2005

-
Mauritius

-

Sep 24, 2003

-
Mexico

Dec 13, 2000

Mar 4, 2003

-
Micronesia, Federated States of

-

Nov 2, 2011

Reservation:

“In accordance with Article 15, paragraph 3, the Federated States of Micronesia declares that it does not consider itself bound by Article 15 paragraph 2 of the Protocol.”

Monaco

Dec 13, 2000

Jun 5, 2001

-
Mongolia

-

Jun 27, 2008

-
Montenegro

-

Oct 23, 2006

-
Morocco

-

Apr 25, 2011

-
Mozambique

Dec 15, 2000

Sep 20, 2006

-
Myanmar

-

Mar 30, 2004

"The Government of the Union of Myanmar wishes to express reservation on Article 20 and does not consider itself bound by obligations to refer disputes relating to the interpretation or application of this Protocol to the International Court of Justice."

Namibia

Dec 13, 2000

Aug 16, 2002

-
Nauru

Nov 12, 2001

Jul 12, 2012

-
Netherlands

Dec 12, 2000

Jul 27, 2005

-
New Zealand

Dec 14, 2000

Jul 19, 2002

-
Nicaragua

-

Oct 12, 2004

-
Niger

Aug 21, 2001

Sep 30, 2004

-
Nigeria

Dec 13, 2000

Jun 28, 2001

-
Norway

Dec 13, 2000

Sep 23, 2003

-
Oman

-

May 13, 2005

-
Panama

Dec 13, 2000

Aug 18, 2004

-
Paraguay

Dec 12, 2000

Sep 22, 2004

-
Peru

Dec 14, 2000

Jan 23, 2002

-
Philippines

Dec 14, 2000

May 28, 2002

-
Poland

Oct 4, 2001

Sep 26, 2003

-
Portugal

Dec 12, 2000

May 10, 2004

-
Qatar

-

May 29, 2009

Reservations:

First - The State of Qatar has reservations on the following:

1. Paragraph 3(d) of Article 6, which reads: “Employment, educational and training opportunities”.

2. Paragraph 1 of Article 7, which states that: “each State Party shall consider adopting legislative or other appropriate measures that permit victims of trafficking in persons to remain in its territory, temporarily or permanently, in appropriate cases”.

Second - The State of Qatar declares that it does not consider itself bound by the provisions of Paragraph 2 of Article 15 which deals with the issue of settlement of disputes concerning the interpretation or application of this Protocol.

Republic of Korea

Dec 13, 2000

Nov 5, 2015

-
Republic of Moldova

Dec 14, 2000

Sep 16, 2005

Reservation and declaration:

In accordance with paragraph 3 of article 15 of the Protocol, the Republic of Moldova does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of article 15 of the Protocol.

Until the full establishment of the territorial integrity of the Republic of Moldova, the provisions of the Protocol will be applied only on the territory controlled by the authorities of the Republic of Moldova.

Romania

Dec 14, 2000

Dec 4, 2002

-
Russian Federation

Dec 12, 2000

May 26, 2004

-
Rwanda

Dec 14, 2000

Sep 26, 2003

-
Saint Kitts and Nevis

-

May 21, 2004

-
Saint Lucia

-

Jul 16, 2013

-
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Nov 20, 2002

Oct 29, 2010

-
San Marino

Dec 14, 2000

Jul 20, 2010

-
Sao Tome and Principe

-

Aug 23, 2006

-
Saudi Arabia

Dec 10, 2002

Jul 20, 2007

Upon signature:

Declaration and reservation:

The public order of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia prohibits trafficking in persons for the purpose referred to in paragraph (a) of Article 3 of the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children.

The Kingdom does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of Article 15 of the said Protocol. It makes reservations regarding the contents of paragraph 3d of Article Six and paragraph 1 of Article 7 of the said protocol.

Reservation upon ratification:

... the Government of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia does not consider itself obligated to paragraph 2 of article 15 of the Protocol.

Senegal

Dec 13, 2000

May 24, 2006

-
Serbia

Dec 12, 2000

Jan 20, 2008

-
Seychelles

Jul 22, 2002

Jun 22, 2004

-
Sierra Leone

Nov 27, 2001

Jul 12, 2014

-
Singapore

-

Sep 28, 2015


Slovakia

Nov 15, 2001

Sep 21, 2004

-
Slovenia

Nov 15, 2001

May 21, 2004

-
South Africa

Dec 14, 2000

Feb 20, 2004

"AND WHEREAS pending a decision by the Government of the Republic of South Africa on the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice, the Government of the Republic does not consider itself bound by the terms of Article 15 (2) of the Protocol which provides for the compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice in differences arising out of the interpretation or application of the Protocol. The Republic will adhere to the position that, for the submission of a particular dispute for settlement by the International Court, the consent of all the parties to the dispute is required in every individual case."

Spain

Dec 13, 2000

Mar 1, 2002

-
Sri Lanka

Dec 13, 2000

Jun 15, 2015

-
Sudan

-

Dec 2, 2014


Suriname

-

May 25, 2007

-
Swaziland

Jan 8, 2001

Sep 24, 2012

-
Sweden

Dec 12, 2000

Jul 1, 2004

-
Switzerland

Apr 2, 2002

Oct 27, 2006

-
Syrian Arab Republic

Dec 13, 2000

Apr 8, 2009

Reservations:

The Syrian Arab Republic expresses reservations with respect to the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, article 7, paragraph 1, and article 15, paragraph 2.

Declaration:

… The Government of the Syrian Arab Republic interprets the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, article 6, paragraph 3, subparagraph (a), as follows: “Appropriate housing” means “ensuring appropriate temporary shelter for victims of trafficking in persons until such time as they are returned to their countries”.

Tajikistan

-

Jul 8, 2002

-
Thailand

Dec 18, 2001

Oct 17, 2013

Reservation:

“[I]n accordance with paragraph 3 of Article 15 of the Protocol, the Kingdom of Thailand does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of the same Article.”

The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia

Dec 12, 2000

Jan 12, 2005

-
Timor-Leste

-

Nov 9, 2009

-
Togo

Dec 12, 2000

May 8, 2009

-
Trinidad and Tobago

Sep 26, 2001

Nov 6, 2007

-
Tunisia

Dec 13, 2000

Jul 14, 2003

-
Turkey

Dec 13, 2000

Mar 25, 2003

-
Turkmenistan

-

Mar 28, 2005

-
Uganda

Dec 12, 2000

-

-
Ukraine

Nov 15, 2001

May 21, 2004

-
United Arab Emirates

-

Jan 21, 2009

Reservation:

… the Government of the United Arab Emirates … formally accedes thereto, with a reservation to article 15, paragraph 2, concerning arbitration. It does not therefore consider itself bound by article 15, paragraph 2.

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Dec 14, 2000

Feb 9, 2006

-
United Republic of Tanzania

Dec 13, 2000

May 24, 2006

-
United States of America

Dec 13, 2000

Nov 3, 2005

" (1) The United States of America reserves the right not to apply in part the obligation set forth in Article 15, paragraph 1 (b), of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime with respect to the offenses established in the Trafficking Protocol. The United States does not provide for plenary jurisdiction over offenses that are committed on board ships flying its flag or aircraft registered under its laws. However, in a number of circumstances, U.S. law provides for jurisdiction over such offenses committed on board U.S. - flagged ships or aircraft registered under U.S. law. Accordingly, the United States will implement paragraph 1 (b) of the Convention to the extent provided for under its federal law.

(2) The United States of America reserves the right to assume obligations under this Protocol in a manner consistent with its fundamental principles of federalism, pursuant to which both federal and state criminal laws must be considered in relation to conduct addressed in the Protocol. U.S. federal criminal law, which regulates conduct based on its effect on interstate or foreign commerce, or another federal interest, such as the Thirteen Amendment's prohibition of "slavery" and "involuntary servitude," serves as the principal legal regime within the United States for combating the conduct addressed in this Protocol, and is broadly effective for this purpose. Federal criminal law does not apply in the rare case where such criminal conduct does not so involve interstate or foreign commerce, or otherwise implicate another federal interest, such as the Thirteenth Amendment. There are a small number of conceivable situations involving such rare offenses of a purely local character where U.S. federal and state criminal law may not be entirely adequate to satisfy an obligation under the Protocol. The United States of America therefore reserves to the obligations set forth in the Protocol to the extent they address conduct which would fall within this narrow category of highly localized activity. This reservation does not affect in any respect the ability of the United States to provide international cooperation to other Parties as contemplated in the Protocol.

(3) In accordance with Article 15, paragraph 3, the United States of America declares that it does not consider itself bound by the obligation set forth in Article 15, paragraph 2."

Understanding:

"The United States of America understands the obligation to establish the offenses in the Protocol as money laundering predicate offenses, in light of Article 6, paragraph 2 (b) of the United Nations Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime, as requiring States Parties whose money laundering legislation sets forth a list of specific predicate offenses to include in such list a comprehensive range of offenses associated with trafficking in persons."

Uruguay

Dec 13, 2000

Mar 4, 2005

-
Uzbekistan

Jun 28, 2001

Aug 12, 2008

Reservation:

“The Republic of Uzbekistan does not consider itself bound by provisions of paragraph 2 of article 15 of this Protocol.

Venezuela

Dec 14, 2000

May 13, 2002

-
Viet Nam

-

Jun 8, 2012

Reservation

“The Socialist Republic of Viet Nam does not consider itself bound by paragraph 2 of Article 15 of this Protocol.”

Zambia

-

Apr 24, 2005

-
Zimbabwe

-

Dec 13, 2013

“The Government of the Republic of Zimbabwe hereby
declares that it menters a reservation to Article 15(2) which provides that where Parties fail to resolve their
dispute through arbitration any Party may refer the dispute to the International Court of
Justice.